At the outset let us clarify whatever mystery or confusion may lie behind the word "Ghost" in the expression "Holy Ghost" in the King James (Authorized) version of the Bible. In Shakespeare's day "ghost" was a current word for "spirit" and a spiritual adviser was called a "ghostly confessor". Holy Ghost and Holy Spirit are translations of the same original words. The strange notions which now attach to our word "ghost" are not what the translators intended to convey. Later translations uniformly render the words, "Holy Spirit".

Several expressions are to be found in the Bible which are descriptive of the Holy Spirit and these include:

• "The Spirit of God" (Genesis 1:2; Matthew 3:16)
• "The Spirit of the Lord" (Isaiah 11:2; Acts 8:39)
• "Thy good spirit" (Nehemiah 9:20)
• "The Spirit of the Lord God" (Isaiah 61:1)
• "His Holy Spirit" (Isaiah 63:10-11)
• "The Spirit of your Father" (Matthew 10:20)
• "The Spirit" (John 1:32)
• "The holy Spirit of God" (Ephesians 4:30)
• "The power of the Lord" (Luke 5:17)

The terms God the Holy Ghost, or God the Holy Spirit, are not to be found in the Bible. Nevertheless, there is clearly a very strong link between God and the Holy Spirit. (We shalt not deal here with the doctrine of the Godhead. A very useful treatment of that subject will be found in "Jesus-God the Son or Son of God?") Indeed, the Spirit is said to be "of God", "of the Lord", "of the Lord God", and "of your Father", in the list of expressions given above. If we make this the starting point of our journey through Scripture we shall find that progress is not difficult.

Look at the following descriptions of creation:

"In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth . . And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters." (Genesis 1:1,2)

"The LORD God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul." (Genesis 2:7)

"The Spirit of God hath made me, and the breath of the Almighty hath given me life." (Job 33:4)

"He hath made the earth by his power . . . established the world by his wisdom . . . stretched out the heavens by his discretion." (Jeremiah 10:12; 51:15)

God's Power in Creation
These are but a few of the many evidences in the Bible about the work of God in creation. He alone by His wisdom conceived the wondrous plan, and it was executed by His Almighty power, His Spirit. God is Spirit (John 4:24, R.S.V.)1 and whatever He does is by His Spirit.

How is creation sustained in existence? Is it a huge clock, wound up by the Almighty and left gradually to run down? Or is the Lord God still involved and concerned with what He has made? The Bible in all its parts tells us that creation is upheld by God and He is everywhere present throughout and within all that He has made. Without Him nothing could exist or continue to exist:

"God that made the world ... giveth to all life, and breath, and all things ... in him we live, and move, and have our being." (Acts 17:24-28)

"If he set his heart upon man, if he gather unto himself his spirit and his breath; all flesh shall perish together, and man shall turn again unto dust." (Job 34:14-15)

"Seek him that maketh the seven stars and Orion, and turneth the shadow of death into the morning, and maketh the day dark with night: that calleth for the waters of the sea, and poureth them out upon the face of the earth: The Lord is his name. " (Amos 5:8)

God fills His creation. All of its activity is because of His wise and sustaining Spirit, the divine energy working out His gracious purpose. The Spirit is not a "separate" or "other" person. It is God's own radiant power, ever outflowing from Him, by which His "everywhereness" is achieved. The Spirit is personal in that it is of God Himself: it is not personal in the sense of being some other person within the Godhead.

Writers Inspired by God's Spirit
The Scriptures teach us that God has a redemptive purpose for man and for the earth on which he lives. It will come as no surprise to learn that the revelation of that will has come about by God Himself through His Spirit:

"We have the word of the prophets made more certain, and you will do well to pay attention to it . No prophecy of Scripture came about by the prophet's own interpretation. For prophecy never had its origin in the will of man, but men spoke from God as they were carried along by the Holy Spirit." (2 Peter 1:19-21, N.I.V.)

The message is simple. God has revealed His will infallibly by the Holy Spirit upon chosen men called prophets. It was by this means that the Scriptures came into existence. Those who wrote were inspired by God's Spirit and what they set down upon the written page was inspired by God. Therefore, although all the prophets have long since died, we have a totally reliable and wholly inspired Word of God in our hands. God still speaks to us therein as surely as He spoke by the mouth of the prophets:

"The holy scriptures are able to make thee wise unto salvation through faith which is in Christ Jesus. All scripture is given by inspiration of God . . that the man of God may be perfect, throughly furnished unto all good works." (2 Timothy 3:15-17)

The Word of God provided in this way carries to us the mind of God and all of the glorious attributes associated with His holy name. To resist the message and command of the Word of God is to resist God Himself. Indeed, it is to resist the Spirit of God in every sense of that word, including that broader meaning which we imply when we talk, for example, of the "spirit" of an agreement. This is how the Bible describes the resistance of the children of Israel to God's Word through the prophets:

"Yet many years didst thou forbear them, and testifiedst against them by thy spirit in thy prophets: yet would they not give ear . . ." (Nehemiah 9:30)

"In all their affliction he (God) was afflicted and the angel of his presence saved them ... he bear them and carried them all the days of old. But they rebelled and vexed his holy Spirit." (Isaiah 63:9-10)

"Ye stiffnecked . . . ye do always resist the Holy Spirit: as your fathers did, so do ye." (Acts 7:51)

Clearly, it was not simply the naked power of God that the rebels resisted. They resisted the redeeming love and righteousness of God whether in His prophets or later in the Christ. They refused to humble themselves to serve God. This was the evil spirit of man contesting the Holy Spirit of God.

Miracles and Wonders
There were times, of course, when the powerful nature of the Spirit of God was made manifest. From time to time God intervened openly and worked wonders among men. This aspect of the Spirit whether in goodness or in severity is unmistakable:

"Our fathers understood not thy wonders in Egypt; they remembered not the multitude of thy mercies; but provoked him at the sea, even at the Red Sea. Nevertheless he saved them for his name's sake, that he might make his mighty power to be known." (Psalm 106:7-8)

"The power of the Lord was present to heal them. And, behold, men brought in a bed a man which was taken with a palsy . . . He said to the sick of the palsy ... Arise, and take up thy couch, and go into thine house. And immediately he rose up" (Luke 5:17-25)

"Through mighty signs and wonders, by the power of the Spirit of God." (Romans 15:19)

The miracles of the Lord Jesus Christ in stilling the storm on Galilee, in causing miraculous catches of fish, in feeding many thousands at one time, and in healings of every kind, were strongly reminiscent of the various works of God in the Old Testament. It was as though the activity of the Spirit of God was focused, as never before on earth, in the person of the Lord Jesus.

This was equally true of the words he spoke. His words and miracles were wonderfully married together. It was as though the Lord God had brought near to man in His Son everything He had to say in a most compassionate and powerful form. The Spirit had worked God's will in ages past, sometimes in signs and wonders, fearful and gracious; sometimes in word or vision or dream; but now, in Christ, the Lord God provided a wondrous and unforgettable manifestation, a Son filled with all the radiance of God's Word and in himself a reflection of all that He spoke, and endued with such power and authority as to extend the gracious Word in saving acts of almost unbelievable kindness. In all of this the mind and will of God were made known in such a way as to redeem the destitute, and to give hope to those who were bowed down with sin, or oppressed by the man-made traditions and restrictions which made life intolerable for the ordinary man in the days of Jesus.

Christ's words relieved the desolate and despairing. His deeds brought spontaneous praise to their lips. His devoted death provided the release from their sins. God had spoken through all of these aspects of the life of Christ. Then at Calvary and in the tomb in the garden, when all seemed to have been lost, the Lord moved again by His Spirit:

"By his power God raised the Lord from the dead." (1 Corinthians 6:14, N.I.V.)

Thus the power of God, exercised in love and righteousness, visited the silent sepulchre and brought forth the only begotten Son to receive glorious and unending life:

"God ... raised him up from the dead, and gave him glory." (1 Peter 1:21)

"His Son Jesus Christ our Lord . . . was made of the seed of David according to the flesh; and declared to be the Son of God with power, according to the spirit of holiness, by the resurrection from the dead." (Romans 1:3-4)

"According to the working of his mighty power, which he wrought in Christ, when he raised him from the dead, and set him at his own right hand .. and hath put all things under his feet." (Ephesians 1:1 9-22)

"(Christ) is gone into heaven, and is on the right hand of God; angels and authorities and powers being made subject unto him." (1 Peter 3:22)

God's Power to Raise the Dead
The exaltation of Christ is a source of great joy and praise for believers. Christ is Saviour and Christ is Lord. Moreover, God who had raised His Son from the dead by the power of His Spirit continued His will and purpose in him after his resurrection:

"Of all that Jesus began both to do and teach, until the day in which he was taken up, after that he through the Holy Spirit had given commandments unto the apostles whom he had chosen." (Acts 1:1,2)

"This Jesus hath God raised up, whereof we are witnesses. Therefore being by the right hand of God exalted, and having received of the Father the promise of the Holy Spirit . . ." (Acts 2:32-33)

The exalted Christ is empowered and authorized by the Spirit of God. The life which Jesus now lives is a life of the Spirit; he has been "quickened by the Spirit" (1 Peter 3:18) so that now, in the fullest sense, he lives by the Spirit. His mortality has been clothed upon with immortality. It has been swallowed up by life. Furthermore, the Lord Jesus is now "a life-giving spirit" (1 Corinthians 15:45, R.V.):